@font-face{font-family:Charter;src:url('assets/fonts/charter-regular.woff') format('woff');font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:Charter;src:url('assets/fonts/charter-bold.woff') format('woff');font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:BlogChinese;src:url('assets/fonts/chinese.woff') format('woff');font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap}
:root{--ink:#292535;--purple:#554477;--deep:#41315f;--link:#68579e;--tint:#f5f2fa;--line:#ded8e8;--muted:#746c80;--teal:#00806d;--teal-light:#eaf5f1;--sans:Inter,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Arial,'DejaVu Sans',BlogChinese,sans-serif;--serif:Charter,Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;--body:var(--serif)}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:110px}body{margin:0;color:var(--ink);background:#fff;font-family:var(--body);font-size:19px;line-height:1.7;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}html[data-language=zh]{--body:BlogChinese,'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif}html[data-language=en] [data-lang=zh],html[data-language=zh] [data-lang=en]{display:none!important}[hidden]{display:none!important}button,a{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}button{font:inherit}a{color:var(--link);text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:4px}a:hover{color:var(--deep)}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible,[tabindex]:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #927ab8;outline-offset:5px}button{cursor:pointer}::selection{background:#e5ddf3}img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}sup{font-size:.64em;line-height:0}p{margin:0 0 1.2em}strong{font-weight:700}h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--serif);line-height:1.2;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.025em;color:var(--deep)}html[data-language=zh] h1,html[data-language=zh] h2,html[data-language=zh] h3{font-family:var(--body);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.035em}h2{font-size:35px;margin:0 0 25px}h3{font-size:24px;margin:28px 0 12px}small{font-size:.8em}.skip-link{position:fixed;top:-100px;left:16px;z-index:100;background:var(--deep);color:#fff;padding:8px 18px}.skip-link:focus{top:10px}
.topbar{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:20;background:rgba(255,255,255,.96);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);backdrop-filter:blur(12px)}.topbar-inner{max-width:1260px;margin:auto;min-height:76px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:0 40px;gap:24px}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--deep);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:18px;letter-spacing:.06em;font-weight:750}.brand svg{width:28px;height:28px}.header-right{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:30px}.header-link{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:13px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--muted)}.language-switch{display:flex;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:3px;border-radius:7px;gap:2px}.language-switch button{border:0;padding:5px 11px;background:transparent;color:var(--muted);font:12px/1.5 var(--sans);border-radius:4px;min-height:30px}.language-switch button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--deep);color:white}.reading-progress{height:2px;background:var(--link);position:absolute;left:0;bottom:-1px;width:100%;transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;pointer-events:none}
.hero{background:var(--tint);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:68px 30px 55px;text-align:center}.hero-inner{max-width:1040px;margin:auto}.eyebrow,.section-kicker{font-family:var(--sans);text-transform:uppercase;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;font-weight:650;color:var(--link)}.hero h1{font-size:86px;line-height:1;margin:26px 0 21px;color:var(--deep);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.055em}.hero h1 .hero-subtitle{display:block;font-size:46px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.035em;line-height:1.14;margin-top:19px}.hero-dek{max-width:735px;margin:0 auto 26px;font-size:20px;line-height:1.5;color:#655d70}.hero-wordmark{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:700}.author-row{display:block}.authors{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:13px;line-height:2.1;max-width:860px;margin:auto}.author{display:inline-block;margin:0 7px}.author sup{color:var(--link)}.affiliations{max-width:790px;margin:12px auto 0;text-align:center;font-size:12px;font-family:var(--sans);line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted)}.affiliations summary{cursor:pointer;display:list-item;list-style-position:inside;color:var(--purple);font-size:12px}.affiliations ol{text-align:left;padding-left:26px;margin:14px auto;max-width:700px}.contributions{margin-top:12px;font-size:11px}.hero-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:25px;margin:27px 0 31px;font:13px var(--sans)}.button-primary{background:var(--deep);color:white;padding:13px 19px;border-radius:5px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex;gap:20px;align-items:center}.button-primary:hover{background:#584374;color:white}.text-link{text-decoration:none;font-weight:550}.training-flow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 28px 1.12fr 28px 1fr;align-items:center;max-width:735px;margin:0 auto;gap:10px}.flow-stage{background:#eae4f4;border:1px solid #ded5ed;border-radius:5px;padding:14px 7px 12px}.flow-stage.teacher{background:var(--teal-light);border-color:#d2e7de;color:#006d5c}.flow-label{font:600 12px/1.5 var(--sans);color:var(--purple)}.teacher .flow-label{color:#006d5c}.flow-sub{font:11px/1.5 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin-top:3px}.flow-arrow{color:#9b91aa}.flow-note{font:11px/1.7 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin:12px 0 0}
.article-layout{max-width:1200px;padding:0 36px;margin:0 auto;display:grid;grid-template-columns:170px minmax(0,820px);gap:65px;align-items:start}.contents{position:sticky;top:112px;padding-top:62px;font-family:var(--sans)}.contents-title{font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.15em;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:18px}.contents nav{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1px}.contents a{font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;padding:9px 0 9px 14px;border-left:1px solid var(--line);text-decoration:none;color:var(--muted);transition:border-color .15s,color .15s}.contents a.active{border-left:2px solid var(--purple);color:var(--deep);font-weight:600}.contents a:hover{color:var(--deep)}.contents-number{display:inline-block;width:23px;font-size:10px;color:#aaa1b5}.article{min-width:0}.article section{padding-top:66px;scroll-margin-top:35px}.article section+section{margin-top:46px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.section-kicker{margin-bottom:13px}.lede{font-size:22px;line-height:1.6}.thesis{border-left:3px solid var(--link);padding:4px 0 4px 23px;color:var(--purple);font-size:23px;line-height:1.55;margin:30px 0}.definitions{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px;margin:28px 0 0}.definition{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:15px}.definition-label{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:12px;font-weight:650;color:var(--purple);margin-bottom:8px}.definition:nth-child(2) .definition-label{color:var(--teal)}.definition p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.6;margin:0}.figure{margin:34px 0}.figure-open{border:0;background:white;padding:0;width:100%;display:block;cursor:zoom-in;position:relative;border-radius:3px}.figure-open img{width:100%}.figure-open::after{content:'↗';position:absolute;right:4px;top:4px;width:27px;height:27px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.9);color:var(--link);font:17px/25px var(--sans);opacity:0;transition:opacity .15s}.figure-open:hover::after,.figure-open:focus-visible::after{opacity:1}.figure figcaption{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:13px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted);margin-top:16px}.figure-number{font-weight:650;color:var(--purple)}.figure-float{float:right;width:42%;margin:5px 0 24px 30px}.figure-float.wide{width:52%;margin-left:28px}.clear{clear:both}.figure-border{padding:23px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;background:#fff}.figure-border figcaption{margin-bottom:0}.formula{font-family:var(--serif);text-align:center;font-size:23px;line-height:1.8;padding:22px 12px;margin:25px 0 15px;color:var(--deep);background:var(--tint);border-radius:5px}.formula .teacher-loss{color:var(--teal)}.note{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7}.keyline{font-size:19px;color:var(--purple);margin:25px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px 0}.case-study{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;margin-top:28px;background:#fcfbfd}.case-study summary{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:14px;font-weight:600;color:var(--deep);padding:18px 22px;cursor:pointer;list-style-position:inside}.case-content{padding:0 22px 21px;font-size:16px}.case-content p{line-height:1.65}.case-content .note:last-child{margin:0}.table-scroll{width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overscroll-behavior-x:contain}.case-table{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:12px;width:100%;min-width:500px;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.7;margin:4px 0 20px}.case-table th,.case-table td{text-align:right;padding:8px 9px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.case-table th:first-child{text-align:left;font-weight:500}.case-table thead th{font-weight:600;color:var(--purple)}.case-table .middle{background:#efeaf7;color:var(--purple);font-weight:650}.recommendations{counter-reset:recipe;display:grid;gap:21px;margin:27px 0}.recommendation{display:grid;grid-template-columns:34px 1fr;gap:15px}.recommendation-number{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:27px;line-height:1.3;color:#a497ba}.recommendation h3{font-size:21px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 6px}.recommendation p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;margin:0}.result-highlight{background:var(--tint);padding:27px 31px;margin:28px 0 32px;border-radius:6px;display:flex;gap:30px;align-items:center}.result-value{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:50px;white-space:nowrap;letter-spacing:-.06em;color:var(--deep);line-height:1.1}.result-value .arrow{font-size:31px;color:#afa2c3;margin:0 7px}.result-highlight p{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:12px;line-height:1.7;margin:0;color:var(--muted)}.result-highlight strong{color:var(--purple)}.result-tabs{display:flex;gap:6px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:24px}.result-tabs button{font:600 13px/1.6 var(--sans);background:none;border:0;border-bottom:2px solid transparent;color:var(--muted);padding:11px 17px}.result-tabs button[aria-selected=true]{border-bottom-color:var(--purple);color:var(--deep)}.table-caption{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7;margin:16px 0 14px}.results-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;min-width:660px}.results-table th,.results-table td{padding:13px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid #eeeaf3;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap}.results-table thead th{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);font-weight:600;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.results-table th:first-child{text-align:left;font-weight:500}.results-table th:first-child small{color:var(--muted);font-size:11px}.results-table tr.pivot{background:var(--tint)}.results-table tr.pivot th{color:var(--purple);font-weight:650}.results-table strong{color:var(--deep);font-weight:750}.results-table .base{color:#8e8598}.table-footnote{font:11px/1.7 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin:13px 0 0}.closing{padding:31px 33px;margin-top:30px;background:var(--tint);border-radius:6px}.closing p{font-size:24px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--deep);margin:0 0 20px}.closing .button-primary{font:13px var(--sans)}.paper-title{font:12px/1.7 var(--sans);margin-top:17px;color:var(--muted)}.page-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:31px 36px;margin:75px auto 0;max-width:1128px;font:12px/1.7 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.page-footer a{text-decoration:none}.page-footer .footer-brand{font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.07em;color:var(--purple)}
.figure-dialog{max-width:min(1320px,94vw);max-height:94vh;width:fit-content;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:52px 25px 22px;background:white;overflow:auto;color:var(--ink)}.figure-dialog::backdrop{background:rgba(30,23,43,.65);backdrop-filter:blur(3px)}.figure-dialog img{max-height:76vh;object-fit:contain;width:auto;max-width:100%;margin:auto}.dialog-close{position:absolute;right:12px;top:10px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:white;border-radius:5px;padding:3px 12px;color:var(--deep);font:23px/30px var(--sans)}.dialog-caption{font:12px/1.6 var(--sans);max-width:900px;color:var(--muted);margin:18px auto 0}.noscript{max-width:850px;margin:15px auto;padding:15px;background:var(--tint);font:14px var(--sans)}
@media(min-width:1350px){.article-layout{gap:70px;grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,850px);max-width:1250px}}
@media(max-width:1080px){.article-layout{display:block;max-width:900px;padding:0 35px}.contents{display:none}.hero{padding-top:52px}.hero h1{font-size:76px}.hero h1 .hero-subtitle{font-size:42px}}
@media(max-width:680px){body{font-size:18px;line-height:1.72}.topbar-inner{padding:0 20px;min-height:66px;gap:12px}.brand{font-size:16px}.header-right{gap:13px}.header-link{display:none}.language-switch button{padding:4px 9px}.hero{padding:39px 22px 35px}.eyebrow{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.12em}.hero h1{font-size:65px;margin-top:23px}.hero h1 .hero-subtitle{font-size:33px;line-height:1.2;margin-top:16px}.hero-dek{font-size:17px;margin:23px 0}.authors{font-size:11px;line-height:2.25}.author{margin:0 4px}.hero-actions{margin:24px 0 29px;gap:20px;font-size:12px}.button-primary{padding:13px 16px;gap:14px}.training-flow{grid-template-columns:1fr 13px 1.05fr 13px 1fr;gap:5px}.flow-stage{padding:12px 5px;min-height:69px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}.flow-label{font-size:10px;line-height:1.5}.flow-sub{font-size:9px}.flow-arrow{font-size:12px}.flow-note{font-size:10px;line-height:1.8}.article-layout{padding:0 23px}.article section{padding-top:44px}.article section+section{margin-top:31px}.section-kicker{font-size:10px;margin-bottom:15px}h2{font-size:29px;margin-bottom:23px}.lede{font-size:20px}.thesis{font-size:21px;margin:25px 0;padding-left:18px}.definitions{gap:19px}.definition p{font-size:15px}.definition-label{font-size:11px}.figure{margin:28px 0}.figure-float,.figure-float.wide{float:none;width:min(100%,470px);margin:20px auto 28px}.figure-float:not(.wide){max-width:310px}.figure figcaption{font-size:11px}.figure-open::after{opacity:1}.figure-border{padding:13px}.formula{font-size:18px;padding:19px 6px}.note{font-size:12px}.case-study summary{padding:16px;font-size:13px}.case-content{padding:0 16px 17px}.result-highlight{display:block;padding:25px}.result-value{font-size:48px;margin-bottom:14px}.result-highlight p{font-size:12px}.result-tabs button{font-size:12px;padding:10px 14px}.results-table{font-size:12px}.results-table th,.results-table td{padding:12px 10px}.closing{padding:25px}.closing p{font-size:21px}.page-footer{padding:28px 23px;margin-top:50px;display:block}.page-footer>div+div{margin-top:8px}.figure-dialog{padding:50px 12px 17px;max-width:97vw}.recommendation p{font-size:16px}.recommendation h3{font-size:20px}html[data-language=zh] .hero h1 .hero-subtitle{font-size:30px}html[data-language=zh] h2{line-height:1.4}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}
@media print{.topbar,.contents,.hero-actions,.figure-dialog,.result-tabs,.page-footer a,.figure-open::after{display:none}.hero{padding:20px;background:white}.hero h1{font-size:42px}.hero h1 .hero-subtitle{font-size:27px}.article-layout{display:block;padding:0;max-width:none}.article section{padding-top:25px}.article section+section{margin-top:20px}body{font-size:11pt}.figure,.result-highlight,table{break-inside:avoid}#results-logic,#results-math{display:block!important}.case-study:not([open]) .case-content{display:block}.figure-open{width:100%}.table-scroll{overflow:visible}h2{font-size:24px}.results-table{min-width:0;font-size:9px}}

/* Use the local CJK face explicitly, including the language control. */
[data-lang=zh],.language-switch button[lang=zh-CN]{font-family:BlogChinese,'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif}
.hero-dek{text-wrap:balance}.table-scroll-hint{display:none}
@media(max-width:680px){.authors{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 8px;max-width:330px}.author-row{display:contents}.author{margin:0;white-space:nowrap}.table-scroll-hint{display:block;font:10px/1.7 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin:8px 0}.results-table{min-width:570px}.results-table th:first-child{position:sticky;left:0;z-index:1;background:#fff;min-width:135px;max-width:150px;white-space:normal;border-right:1px solid #eeeaf3}.results-table th:first-child small{display:block}.results-table tr.pivot th:first-child{background:var(--tint)}}

/* Authors block at article end */
.author-block{margin-top:6px}
.author-block .authors{text-align:left;margin:0;max-width:none;font-size:15px;line-height:2.05}
.affiliations-end{text-align:left;margin:18px 0 0;max-width:none}
.affiliations-end ol{margin:0;padding-left:22px;max-width:none}
.hero-actions{margin-top:28px}
@media(max-width:680px){
.author-block .authors{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 10px;max-width:100%;font-size:13px}
.author-block .author-row{display:contents}
}